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本帖最后由 PalmFujimori 于 2022-12-9 14:44 编辑
The second script is economic liberalism, which insists on a market economy and private property. This reading has now taken the form of neoliberalism—with the key difference being that neoliberalism is implemented by states and supranational institutions to force liberalisation and therefore no longer reflects the original “laissez-faire” idea. Economic liberalism advocates for privatisation, deregulation, globalisation, free trade, and austerity measures to reduce state intervention in the economy (see Harvey 2007; Eichengreen 2018 and Brown 2019 for neoliberalism’s impact on democracy).
This script is crucial for the rise of illiberalism, which is in large part a backlash against the neoliberal reforms that have transformed so many countries worldwide (Kalb and Halmai 2011; Rodrik 2018). Illiberalism is so prominent in Central and Eastern Europe (including Russia) “precisely because” the region experimented with the most disruptive features of neoliberalism in a radical way at the end of the communist period —the destruction of the welfare state, the shrinking of the civil service, the rise of social inequality, and of a new elitism, a high level of corruption in the privatisation of the economy, etc.(Berezin 2009; Enyedi 2016; Berman and Snegovaya 2019; Snegovaya 2020, 2021).
新自由主义的“自由”二字是名不副实的,所谓的私有化往往是当权者利用国家机器强行变卖的,从这一点上来说新自由主义其实比古代自由主义反动一些。 |
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