孟山都公司将获得“大豆植株 适应气候变化和抗病的生物学多样性特征识别”这个可耻的海盗专利。

　　位于慕尼黑的欧洲专利局(EPO)拟于2014-2-26授予孟山都公司一项专利权：“大豆植株特定区域适应气候变化和抗病的生物学多样性特征筛选【译者注：疑为筛选DNA片段】”(EP08742297) 。

　　该植物群包括来自亚洲和澳洲的野生品种与栽培品种，将能够在多种环境条件下表现高产。该专利陈述表明，250多个罕见品种被筛选，以寻找其中包含的与气候适应和成熟期变化相关的【生物多样性】。孟山都公司声称，数百个代表气候适应性的不同基因DNA片段将要用在今后对传统大豆的育种中。

　　这个无耻的专利，由欧洲专利局(EPO)率先批准，声称将适用于美国、加拿大、中国和南非。在美国商业化种植的大豆，70%以上属于下列6个品种之一：中华种，满洲种，中华渥太华种，李奇兰种，AK种，Mukda 种。

　　狭窄的遗传基础使得大豆在栽培上易于遭受病虫害。孟山都公司试图以专利筛选大豆遗传多样性手段，垄断亚洲的大豆生物多样性。

　　亚洲是大豆的故乡。孟山都所谓的“罕见”品种都是亚洲本土品种。美国农业部官员托米.卡特说过：“中国农民驯化大豆已有3000年到5000年，如果我们能搞明白古代中国农民是怎么干的，我们就能用类似技术从亚洲野生品种的实验中干得更棒。”

　　见：http://cornandsoybeandigest.com/soybeans/genetic-diversity-offers-new-take-old-bean

　　这个盗窃大豆的生物物种资源案件，只不过是盗窃印度小麦物种资源案件的翻版。“科技与生态研究基金会”曾经会同其他组织一起挑战了欧洲专利局(EPO)，迫使撤销该专利。盗窃大豆种质资源的专利，同样也应当被撤销。

　　孟山都以及另外四家基因公司巨头已经拿到至少1500种农作物适应气候的(基因)专利(根据“窃取适应气候变化农作物的生物海盗，科技与环境研究基金会)。印度专利局曾经拒绝过孟山都有关气候变化农作物的专利。

　　欧洲专利局应该学习印度，停止对生物海盗行为颁发专利权。

　　美国政府应该停止对生物盗窃行为颁发专利，不给无谓和微不足道的基因修饰颁发专利，应该停止对印度拒绝专利采用贸易报复威胁。

　　在TRIPs谈判中，对孟山都保护法的审查至今还未完成。大多数国家已经提出停止颁发生命专利、制止生物海盗行径的要求，国际社会应该立即采取行动了!

　　原文

　　Monsanto’s Soybean Biopiracy

　　Patent granted on screening biodiversity in soybean plants for climate adaption and disease resistance

　　26 February 2014 Munich. Today the European Patent Office in Munich (EPO) is granting a patent for Monsanto on screening and selecting for soybean plants being adapted to certain climate zones (EP08742297).

　　The plants are supposed to show a higher yield under various environmental conditions. The soybeans concerned are wild and cultivated species stemming from Asia and Australia. According to the patent more than 250 plants stemming from “exotic” species were screened for biodiversity in climate adaption and variations in maturity. The usage of hundreds of DNA sequences representing genetic variations are claimed by Monsanto for future conventional breeding in soybeans.

　　The patent is also applied in other regions such as the US, Canada, China and South Africa, however the EPO seems to be the first to grant this scandalous patent. 70% of all commercial soybean cultivated in the US is dependent on 6 varieties—Mandarin,Manchu, Mandarin Ottawa, Richland, AK, Mukda.

　　This narrow genetic base makes the soy cultivation vulnerable to pests and disease. Through the patent on screening soybean diversity, Monsanto plans to monopolies the soy biodiversity in Asia.

　　Asia is home to soybean. What Monsanto calls “exotic” varieties are varieties native to Asia. According to Tommy Carter of USDA,”Chinese farmers domesticated soybeans from 30 to 50 centuries ago. If we could understand how those ancient Chinese farmers did it, we could use similar techniques to get better research results from wild Asian varieties”

　　http://cornandsoybeandigest.com/soybeans/genetic-diversity-offers-new-take-old-bean

　　The soybean biopiracy follows an earlier case of Biopiracy of Indian wheat which the Research Foundation for Science Technology and Ecology had challenged in the European office with other groups. The Biopiracy patent on wheat was withdrawn. This patent on the Biopiracy of Soybean also needs to be withdrawn.

　　Monsanto and the other 4 gene giants have taken more than 1,500 patents on climate resilient traits in crops( Biopiracy of Climate resilient crops, Research Foundation for Science, Technology and Ecology) The Indian patent office rejected a Monsanto patent on climate resilient crops.

　　It is time for the EPO to follow India’s examples and stop granting patents for Biopiracy.

　　It is time for the US government to stop issuing trade threats to India for ensuring that patents are not given for Biopiracy and frivolous and trivial modifications .

　　It is time for the International Community to complete the incomplete review of the Monsanto Protection clause in the TRIPs agreement of WTO. Most countries have called for an end to patents on life , and an end to Biopiracy.